Teaching pupils with ADHD can present a range of both challenges and opportunities. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can significantly impact a pupil’s ability to learn. However, during my teaching career, I observed that with the right strategies, coupled with an inclusive and supportive learning environment, students with ADHD can thrive.
Schools are increasingly recognising the importance of tailoring their teaching to support neurodivergent pupils. Both practical and evidence-based strategies can make a significant difference for students who often feel excluded from learning. From building strong relationships with parents to incorporating technology and promoting a growth mindset, these strategies enhance engagement, focus, and academic achievement for pupils with ADHD.
1. Build strong relationships with parents
Establishing a strong working relationship with the pupil’s parents is crucial. Arrange a meeting or phone call with the child’s parents/guardians to gain a better understanding of the child’s needs and how they are supported at home. Creating a partnership with parents ensures that there is consistency between a child’s home and school life.
2. Create a structured environment
ADHD pupils thrive in structured environments. Clear rules, routines, and expectations help them understand what is required. Visual schedules and consistent routines can reduce anxiety, improve focus, and reduce their need to rely on their own working memory, which can be challenging for pupils with ADHD. For example, a daily timetable with pictures can help younger pupils know what to expect throughout the day.
3. Break tasks into manageable chunks
Large tasks can be overwhelming for pupils with ADHD. Breaking tasks into smaller manageable chunks makes them more achievable and less daunting. This approach also helps in maintaining the pupil’s attention and motivation. For instance, instead of assigning a long essay, break it down into smaller tasks like mind-mapping, outlining, drafting, and revising.
4. Provide clear and concise instructions
ADHD pupils often struggle with following complex instructions. Providing clear, concise, and step-by-step instructions can help them understand and complete tasks more effectively. Visual aids and written instructions can also be beneficial. For example, using bullet points or numbered lists can make instructions easier to follow.
5. Use positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement encourages desired behaviours and boosts self-esteem. Rewarding good behaviour and academic achievements with praise, stickers, or extra break time can motivate ADHD pupils to stay on track. It’s important to be specific with praise, such as saying “Great job on completing your math worksheet!” rather than just a simple “Good job”.
6. Use multi-sensory teaching methods
Incorporating multi-sensory approaches can enhance learning for ADHD pupils. Techniques such as reading aloud, using mnemonic devices, and incorporating hands-on activities can make lessons more engaging and memorable. For example, using physical objects to teach maths or incorporating music and movement into lessons can be very effective.
7. Implement sensory strategies
Sensory strategies, such as wobble cushions or allowing movement breaks, can help pupils with ADHD manage their energy levels and focus better. These tools provide the necessary sensory input to help them stay engaged. Additionally, creating a sensory-friendly classroom with areas for quiet time can be beneficial.
8. Effective seating plans
Seating plans can significantly impact a pupil’s ability to focus. Placing ADHD pupils near the teacher and away from distractions can help them stay attentive. Additionally, if possible, allowing flexible seating options, such as standing desks or exercise balls, can cater to their need for movement and help them concentrate better.
9. Incorporate technology
Educational technology, such as interactive apps and online resources, can make learning more engaging for ADHD pupils. Tools like timers and organisational apps can also help them manage their time and tasks better. For example, apps that break tasks into smaller steps or provide reminders can be very helpful.
10. Peer support
Encouraging peer support and collaboration can create a positive learning environment. Study buddies or group activities can help ADHD pupils feel included and supported by their classmates. This not only helps with academic tasks but also promotes social skills and friendships. Often, pupils with ADHD find being in the presence of another person who is focused on doing something helps them focus too. This is known as ‘body doubling’.
11. Adapt assessments and assignments
Standard assessments and assignments may not always reflect the true abilities of ADHD pupils. Adapting these to suit their needs can provide a more accurate measure of their understanding and skills. For example, allowing extra time for tests, providing alternative formats for assignments, or using oral presentations instead of written reports can be beneficial to those who would prefer that option.
12. Provide regular feedback
Regular feedback helps ADHD pupils understand their progress and areas for improvement. Constructive feedback should be specific and focused on behaviours rather than personal attributes. For example, instead of saying, “You need to pay more attention” say, “I noticed you were distracted during the reading sessions. Let’s find a way to help you stay focused.”
13. Encourage self-regulation techniques
Teaching self-regulation techniques can empower ADHD pupils to manage their own emotions and behaviours. Techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness, and self-monitoring can help them stay calm and focused.
14. Collaborate with support staff
Working closely with support staff, such as teaching assistants, school counsellors, and careers advisors, can provide additional resources and expertise. These professionals can offer tailored strategies and interventions to support ADHD pupils effectively.
15. Promote a growth mindset
Encouraging a growth mindset helps ADHD pupils understand that their abilities can improve with effort and practise. Praising effort rather than innate ability fosters resilience and a positive attitude towards learning. For example, saying “You worked really hard on this project, and it shows!” reinforces the value of effort. Implementing these strategies can make a significant difference in the educational experience of ADHD pupils, helping them to achieve their full potential in a supportive and understanding environment.
Further resources
There are plenty of resources out there to help you create your own strategies for teaching students with ADHD, but there’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. As a first step, make sure you know who your ADHD students are, read their learning plans, contact their parents/guardians and ensure that seating plans support their needs. It would also be beneficial to speak to the pupil themselves about what they need.
ADHD Foundation: EPIC strategy booklet – a comprehensive guide for teachers on strategies for ADHD pupils
High-speed training: management ADHD in the classroom – effective teaching strategies and tips for managing ADHD in the classroom
ADHD Centre: top tips & strategies – practical tips and strategies to help students with ADHD
East and North Hertfordshire NHS – ADHD educational interventions
Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS: neurodiversity guide – a guide for teachers on supporting neurodiverse pupils, including those with ADHD
Reed’s education division is hosting a free webinar, 'Navigating ADHD in education', on Monday 21 October 2024, register now and learn more about creating a neuroinclusive environment within a school setting.
